Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Requiring ECMO: Current Evidence, Controversies, and Unresolved Questions

Background/Objectives: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remains one of the most challenging conditions in neonatal critical care. Despite advances in prenatal assessment and neonatal management, substantial uncertainty persists regarding ECMO selection, mode and duration of support, and timing of diaphragmatic repair. This review summarizes the available evidence and critically examines the major unresolved questions in the management of infants with CDH requiring ECMO.