Acute viral encephalitis syndrome in paediatric patients: Clinical profile and laboratory correlation

Objectives

Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) poses a significant public health challenge in India, particularly in children. The aetiological spectrum varies regionally, with viral agents being predominant. This study evaluates the clinico-virological profile of AES in children at a tertiary care centre in North Karnataka. Material and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among children aged 6 months to 12 years presenting with AES, defined as acute fever with altered sensorium and/or seizures. Detailed clinical evaluation, neuroimaging and laboratory investigations were performed. Immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing for herpes simplex virus type (HSV)-1, HSV-2, mumps, dengue, chikungunya and Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus was used to determine viral aetiology. Outcomes were assessed at discharge.