Effect of azithromycin on mortality in mechanically ventilated preterm babies: A randomized control trial

Objectives

Mechanically ventilated preterm infants are at an increased risk of mortality due to complications related to prematurity and critical illness. Azithromycin has been studied as a potential adjunctive therapy due to its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial properties, particularly against Ureaplasma species. However, its effect on mortality in ventilated preterm infants remains unclear. The objective is to evaluate the effect of azithromycin on mortality in mechanically ventilated preterm infants. Materials and Methods: Preterm babies who were mechanically ventilated were included in the study. Simple randomization was performed, and the participants were assigned to either the control or intervention group. All neonates received standard care. The intervention group ( n = 37) received azithromycin, while the control group ( n = 37) received saline. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality during hospitalization.