Clinical and Immunological Associations of Anti-Ro52 Antibody Positivity in Primary Sjögren Disease: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose

To characterize the clinical and immunological correlates of anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibody positivity in primary Sjögren disease (pSjD), focusing on prevalent interstitial lung disease (ILD), hematological abnormalities, and peripheral immune features. Patients and Methods: This single-center retrospective cross-sectional study included 122 adults fulfilling the 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria (81 anti-Ro52-positive; 41 anti-Ro52-negative). Prespecified outcomes were prevalent ILD and hematological abnormalities. Anti-Ro52/anti-Ro60 profiles, lymphocyte subsets, absolute lymphocyte counts, and 12 circulating cytokines were assessed. Multiple immune comparisons were controlled using Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Firth penalized logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, disease duration, and anti-Ro60 status; modified Poisson models estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs).