Associations of cumulative exposure and dynamic trajectories of the combined atherogenic-frailty index with incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a prospective cohort study

Background

Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) poses a growing global health burden, yet effective tools for early risk stratification remain limited. The combined impact of atherogenic dyslipidaemia and physiological frailty, captured by the atherogenic index of plasma-frailty index (AIP-FI), on CMM development is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the associations of cumulative exposure and longitudinal trajectories of AIP-FI with incident CMM.