Early detection of problematic internet use among university students: psychometric validation of the PIUQ-9

Background

University students extensively use the internet for academic, social, and recreational purposes, increasing the risk of developing problematic internet use (PIU). Although several instruments exist, there is a need for brief, psychometrically sound screening tools capable of identifying individuals at risk and detecting related conditions such as Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and Online Gambling Disorder (OGD).