The Prognostic Role of Vimentin Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Introduction

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with the poorest prognosis and aggressive biological behavior. In Indonesia, approximately 15%-25% of breast cancer cases fall into the TNBC category. One of the biological markers involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and tumor progression of TNBC is vimentin. Positive vimentin expression has been reported to correlate with reduced survival; however, data in the Indonesian population remain limited.