Expert appraisal of criteria for nonhuman primate substance use disorder models: An international Delphi study

Background

A persistent challenge in substance use disorder (SUD) research is that no single animal model can fully recapitulate the multidimensional clinical features of the human disorder. Although nonhuman primates (NHPs) may provide greater translational relevance for modelling complex cognitive and behavioural features, there is currently no consensus on the core criteria for defining and evaluating NHP models of SUD.