The Relationship of Peripheral Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma Protein B and Parkinson's Disease: Insights From a Mendelian Randomization Study

Background

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed that glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma Protein B (GPNMB) was associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). GPNMB has been found in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, and its levels and the variation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been linked to disease severity in PD patients. However, whether the altered expression of GPNMB is the cause or the result cannot be identified in the patient samples.