From Genomics to Precision Cardiology: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Applications and Challenges in Cardiovascular Diseases

Background

Genomic cardiology is an emerging field integrating genetic, molecular, imaging, and digital health data to improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The genetic architecture of CVD encompasses rare, high-impact variants as well as polygenic susceptibility, both of which influence disease risk, severity, and clinical outcomes. Hypothesis: Integration of genomic information, including rare variants and polygenic risk scores (PRS), with clinical, imaging, biomarker, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches may enhance personalized cardiovascular risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making.