Effects of concurrent training sequence on cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Concurrent training (CT), combining aerobic and resistance exercise, is recommended for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, whether the sequence of CT-aerobic training followed by resistance training (CART) or the reverse order (CRAT)-influences cardiometabolic outcomes remains unclear. This study compared the effects of CT sequences on cardiometabolic risk factors in T2DM using network meta-analysis (NMA).

An NMA of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to January 2026 was conducted using five databases. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data. Data were analysed using Stata 16.0.