Tailgut cyst (Retrorectal Cystic Hamartoma): A case report with radiological-pathological correlation

Abstract Tailgut cysts (retrorectal cystic hamartomas) are rare congenital lesions arising from remnants of the embryonic hindgut. They are typically located in the presacral space and often present with nonspecific symptoms or are incidentally discovered. We report a case of a 42-year-old female presenting with chronic perianal pain and constipation. Imaging, particularly MRI, revealed a well-defined multiloculated cystic lesion in the retrorectal space without solid enhancing components. Complete surgical excision was performed, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a tailgut cyst. This case highlights the importance of imaging in diagnosis, differentiation from other retrorectal lesions, and guiding surgical management due to the potential risk of malignant transformation.