Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae Ameliorate Rheumatoid Arthritis by Modulating Macrophage Polarization and HIF-1α-Associated Glycolysis

Objective

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with the abnormal accumulation of pro-inflammatory macrophages within the synovial joints. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD), the major bioactive constituents of the traditional Chinese medical herb Drynariae rhizome, have shown potent activities in treating RA, but their effect and underlying mechanism in modulating macrophage behavior remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of TFRD in regulating macrophage polarization during RA, and to further elucidate the underlying mechanism.