Chronic Diseases Self-Efficacy Profiles and Healthcare Utilisation Patterns Among Older Adults with Multimorbidity in Albania: A Person-Centred Latent Profile Analysis

Background/Objectives: Multimorbidity renders self-efficacy a continuing partnership between older people, families, and healthcare and social care services. We examined whether nine domain-specific self-efficacy indicators were best understood as one overall level of confidence or as recurring configurations in which confidence was distributed differently across everyday tasks. The primary aim was to identify and interpret these configurations in older adults attending primary care in Vlora Municipality, Albania. Secondary aims were to evaluate the quality and reproducibility of the solution and to describe health literacy and six-month healthcare utilisation, without treating either as a cause or as a profile-defining variable.