Pathophysiology of Fat Embolism: Biphasic Injury Pattern, and Organ-Specific Vulnerabilities: A Systematic Review

Background

Fat embolism is a clinically significant condition characterized by systemic fat dissemination, often leading to life-threatening complications. Traditionally associated with trauma, FE is increasingly recognized in diverse contexts, including orthopedic and aesthetic procedures. Despite extensive investigation, essential gaps remain regarding its pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and targeted treatments.