Reliability, Quality, and Readability of Freely Available Large Language Models for Clinical Decision Support in Perforated Peptic Ulcer: A Blinded, Multidimensional Study

Background/Objectives: Perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) is a common surgical emergency in which each hour before surgery increases mortality, and the decision is often made by a single surgeon on call. Large language models (LLMs) may offer rapid decision support, but their reliability in this setting is unknown. We compared five freely accessible LLMs in a blinded, multidimensional design.

Methods