Advances in Diagnostic Testing for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Current Approaches, Limitations, and Emerging Technologies

Background/Objectives: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disease of the esophagus caused by an abnormal type 2 (Th2) immune response. It is a leading cause of dysphagia in both pediatric and adult populations. Endoscopy with biopsy remains the standard approach for diagnosis, but its invasive nature and need for repeated procedures have prompted investigation of alternative and complementary approaches.

Methods

A narrative review was conducted to synthesize evidence on established and emerging modalities for EoE diagnosis and disease assessment, including minimally invasive sampling techniques, functional and structural assessment, mucosal impedance, molecular diagnostics, tissue-based assessment, and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted approaches.