Narrative Review of Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Biomarkers in Adipose Tissue Remodelling and Adipokine Dysregulation in Lipedema

Aim

This narrative review summarises evidence on pathogenetic mechanisms of adipose tissue remodelling and adipokine dysregulation in lipedema, focusing on adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, fibrosis, microcirculatory and lymphatic dysfunction, immune-cell alterations, and diagnostic biomarkers.