Circulating ELAFIN Is Associated with a Distinct Renal–Inflammatory Phenotype in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background

ELAFIN (peptidase inhibitor 3, PI3) is an endogenous inhibitor of neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3, but its circulating profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease remains poorly characterized. We investigated circulating ELAFIN in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography and explored its associations with metabolic, inflammatory, renal, cardiac, and angiographic phenotypes.