What does selective toxicity mean in antimicrobial pharmacology?

Selective toxicity means preferentially harming or inhibiting a microbial target while limiting harm to the host; the selectivity is relative rather than an assurance of no adverse effects.

Bacteriostatic effect Bactericidal effect

Key distinction · Inhibits bacterial growth in the stated conditions · Kills bacteria in the stated conditions

Beta-lactam wall synthesis

Beta-lactams inhibit bacterial cell-wall synthesis by interfering with penicillin-binding proteins, the transpeptidases involved in cross-linking peptide chains in newly synthesized peptidoglycan.

Selection of resistant microbes

Antimicrobial exposure favors microbes with heritable resistance: susceptible organisms are inhibited or killed while resistant organisms can survive and reproduce, so resistance becomes more common. Resistance can arise through spontaneous mutations or acquired resistance genes; this does not involve an organism intentionally choosing a mutation.

What cellular arrangement is characteristic of staphylococci in the introductory model?

Staphylococci are cocci that characteristically form irregular clusters; morphology alone does not establish a species-level diagnosis.

Microbiology — Flashcards — Medizinische Lernkartendecks

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